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http://www.espnfc.us/club/mancheste...or-his-manchester-united-identity-simon-kuper
Louis van Gaal still searching for his Manchester United identity
I first became aware of a chap named Louis van Gaal about 35 years ago. I was growing up in the Netherlands, and he was a minor but intriguing character in Dutch soccer. This gangling flat-faced man was playmaker for a club called Sparta Rotterdam, where he tried to control games from the centre circle, because unfortunately he couldn't run. Van Gaal moved (it was said then) as if he'd swallowed an umbrella. You also saw him sometimes on TV as the opinionated union rep for Dutch soccer players.
The Van Gaal I first encountered barely changed over the next 34 or so years: he always knew he was right. As a coach he preached attacking 4-3-3 soccer -- the so-called "Dutch school" -- and any manager who didn't play it was evil or stupid or both. That's why it's so strange to see him struggling at Manchester United now. Seven months into his reign, United still aren't playing good soccer. The club's fans are wondering what his plan is. But slowly the truth is dawning: He doesn't have one. He is lost. This isn't the old Van Gaal anymore. For the first time in his coaching career, he doesn't seem to know what to do.
In 2009, the old Van Gaal published a book, in Dutch, called "Visie" ("Vision"). The title says it all: the book is the ideological statement of an ideological coach. Its opening words are, "I sometimes suspect myself of being more interested in 'playing the game well' than in 'winning'." When he lists the characteristics of his teams, the first is, "An attacking playing style is used."
That was how Van Gaal had coached Ajax, Barcelona and Holland. Yet by the time he published "Visie," he was already shifting. It turned out he was more interested in winning than playing well. In 2009, he took the provincial team AZ Alkmaar to the Dutch league title by playing 4-4-2 and striking on the break. Then he went to Bayern Munich, and it was the old Van Gaal again: victories with rapid-attacking passing soccer.
That didn't last, however, and last year appeared to be the culmination of Van Gaal's gradual move away from his beloved 4-3-3 attacking soccer. The tipping point perhaps came on April 13, 2014. That evening he took Holland's injured captain Robin van Persie along to watch the Dutch league game PSV vs. Feyenoord. Van Gaal disdained Feyenoord's coach, Ronald Koeman, whom he considered a typical defensive "realist" who only cared about winning. Indeed, that evening Koeman's team lined up in a cautious 5-3-2. But it worked. Feyenoord won 2-0.
Van Gaal decided that this was how a mediocre Dutch team needed to play at the World Cup. He said the loss of midfielder Kevin Strootman to injury three months before had persuaded him to switch formations. "That was the direct prompt," Van Gaal said. "After all, we don't have another Strootman.... Kevin is the only one who can play box to box and also guard the balance in midfield."
In Brazil, Holland's 5-3-2 worked. The boring counterattacking style -- not "Dutch school" at all -- took the team to within penalty kicks of the final. The 62-year-old Van Gaal had reinvented himself. Then, after a three-day holiday, he took charge at Manchester United.
Playing boring, winning soccer in a one-month tournament with a mediocre team was arguably fair enough. Doing so with Manchester United is different. The club is now the biggest spender in English soccer. Last season United's wage bill was 215 million pounds, compared with 205 million pounds for Manchester City, 191 million pounds for Chelsea and 155 million pounds for Arsenal, says Stefan Szymanski, economics professor at the University of Michigan and my coauthor on "Soccernomics." Figures for the current season aren't in yet, but given United's summer transfers the club probably remains England's biggest payer or thereabouts. In other words, United shouldn't have the constraint of limited talent that the Dutch did. Yet United haven't realized the old Van Gaalian vision. In fact, that vision is now better represented by a former pupil of his, his captain at Barcelona in the late 1990s, Josep Guardiola.
Guardiola proves that Van Gaal's passing attacking vision is still possible. Barcelona and Bayern regularly execute it. Indeed, Van Gaal has
claimed credit for his role in building their current teams. But he must believe that his vision cannot be realized at United. Almost all his creative players there -- Van Persie, Wayne Rooney, Radamel Falcao, Michael Carrick -- lack the pace needed for the pass-and-run game. Ashley Young, Marcos Rojo and Antonio Valencia have the pace but not the quality. Angel Di Maria has both, but he's one player.
Normally Van Gaal's instinct would be to bring on youth players. Twenty years ago at Ajax he won the Champions League with a mostly homegrown team. Seventeen years ago at Barcelona he gave a debut to the teenaged Xavi, and in 2002 to a teenage Andres Iniesta. At Bayern, he instantly made an unknown kid reserve named Thomas Muller a regular. Van Gaal prefers youngsters to established stars because he does not have much respect for anyone's reputation and because youngsters listen better than stars.
This can only mean he thinks United lack good youngsters. That is an indictment of Sir Alex Ferguson. Since the David Beckham generation appeared under Eric Harrison's tutelage over 20 years ago, United's youth teams have helped produce only a couple of great talents, and they -- Gerard Pique and Paul Pogba -- were allowed to walk out of Ferguson's Old Trafford. Younger players brought on by Ferguson, such as Jonny Evans, Phil Jones, Chris Smalling and Rafael, haven't become top-class.
Ferguson left his successors an ageing team that needed dismantling. Ferguson's anointed heir David Moyes lacked the courage to do it, so the task fell to Van Gaal. It's often remarked that last summer he spent over 150 million pounds on transfer fees to produce mediocre soccer. However, given that he needed to replace about a third of the team, and given the rising cost of transfers in this unprecedentedly rich sport, 150 million pounds really isn't that much.
United's attempts at recruitment also faced two big obstacles. Firstly, Van Gaal was fully occupied with the only major tournament of his career until mid-July. Secondly (as a leading European agent told me recently) few Latin players want to live in Manchester. Buying is easier if you are Chelsea, Real Madrid or Barcelona.
Consequently, Van Gaal started the season with second-rate youngsters, slow stars and no vision. He has swayed between 5-3-2 (or as he calls it, "1-5-3-2", not forgetting the keeper) and 4-1-3-2, 3-5-2 and 4-4-2 without ever seeming happy with any of them. And as West Ham's manager Sam Allardyce pointed out, Van Gaal's United has a very un-Van Gaalian propensity to boot long. Yet presumably one reason United hired him was his history of attacking passing soccer, in line with the club's tradition.
Along with his vision, Van Gaal seems to have lost his anger. Gone are the characteristic red-faced rants at journalists. This may just be because his wife, Truus, begged him to stop embarrassing her that way, but I suspect it's also because he no longer feels that journalists are misunderstanding his brilliant project -- as he doesn't feel he has a brilliant project anymore. He's lost. His Dutch biographer Hugo Borst, who has watched him for even longer than I have, says: "Something in him has changed, and has caused him to lose his astonishing originality."
Van Gaal remains a master of detail. He often sends on subs who create or score crucial goals, like Marouane Fellaini turning the game at West Ham, or Young the battle with little Preston. The defeat to Swansea on Feb. 21 was only United's second loss in 20 matches going back to early November. The team is still in the FA Cup. But fourth in the league, 13 points behind first-placed Chelsea, playing ugly soccer, was not the plan.
In his book "O," Louis Borst complained that Van Gaal at the World Cup had become strictly a "performance coach," bereft of ideology. But now Van Gaal isn't even much of a performance coach. In that realm, too, he has been outstripped by one of his young pupils at Barcelona in the late 1990s, his then assistant Jose Mourinho, of whom Van Gaal once boasted: "I had to teach him how to look." Henk ten Cate, a former assistant coach at Barcelona and Chelsea, told me that many of Mourinho's training exercises were copied from Van Gaal. So the Van Gaalian vision lives on, albeit not in Van Gaal's own teams anymore.
Watching United, Borst sighs, "It's almost scary: a man like him, a pure idealist, now doesn't have a vision. I can't see the long term."
At Old Trafford there may not be one. Since leaving Ajax in 1997, Van Gaal has won many prizes but never stayed long anywhere, partly because he alienates powerful people within a club. He risks doing that now, playing Rooney in several positions, trying Di Maria at centre-forward, benching Falcao. He doesn't seem to have built a large constituency at Old Trafford desperate for him to stay.
United aren't United anymore, partly because Van Gaal is no longer Van Gaal.
Simon Kuper is a contributor to ESPN FC and co-author, with Stefan Szymanski, of Soccernomics.