Why would Real need political support to get a loan?
They are a cash generating business, with multiple international recognised brands and growing revenues - they would get a loan quicker than you and I could borrow some cash from our best mates.
Moreover, I'm pretty sure they won't even need a loan to finance this Pogba deal. They just don't need/want to pay Juve this tremendous fee + pay Raiolas cut as they are not in need for Pogba. So they're playing hardball like they always do and hope that the player will force a move, thus, enhancing their negotiation power.
I'm not sure this is right. It's been reported, e.g. Swiss Ramble, that Barcelona relied on political intervention to guarantee their bank loans (effectively, Barca did not meet the terms of repayment on existing debt, however political influence has meant this issue has been overlooked by banks). So there is precedent that political intervention occurs in regards to Spanish football debt.
There have also been reports about political interventions to enable Real to take out loans to fund the Bale acquisition, e.g.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/fo...gated-for-illegal-state-backing-say-MEPs.html. I don't know what the outcome of the investigation mentioned in this report was, or whether it is even concluded, but the report suggests that Real lack sufficient assets, or even promises of future income (which have already been used to guarantee other loans, according to Swiss Ramble), against which to guarantee significant new debt.
There have also been recent reports about the state aid given to Real by way of land deals:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2401_en.htm. So not specifically about helping to support them to guarantee new loans, but it is another example of political support aiding Spanish clubs financially.
I would say that all football clubs seem to use smoke and mirrors to distort their financial positions, so it's very difficult to say one way or the other. But the evidence over the past few years, not all of which I have listed here, and I'm not also not including the specific story
@Gasolin mentioned about a current investigation into political influence over banks with regards Real Madrid loans (I don't know anything about that), suggests that Real don't have much borrowing ability remaining, and already rely on political intervention to guarantee existing debt, never-mind future debt.